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Here is an article from Sharon’s Senior Living Blog/About.com that addresses the conflicting research on dementia prevention.

By: Sharon O’Brien

On the subject of seniors staving off dementia by staying mentally active, there is good news and bad news, according to new research published this month by Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.

Exercising your mind with activities such as reading a newspaper, going to a museum, solving crossword puzzles or playing chess does help slow or prevent the development of dementia, just as we’ve been told for the past several years. But new evidence shows that once dementia begins, that same mentally stimulating lifestyle that helped keep dementia at bay can cause the disease to progress much more quickly.

For the study, researchers recruited 1,157 people who were 65 and older–all free of dementia–from the same Chicago neighborhood, asked them how often they participated in mentally stimulating activities, and gave each person a score on a cognitive activity scale. The more frequently people exercised their minds with stimulating activities, the higher their score.

More than a decade later, researchers found that for seniors who didn’t have dementia the rate of cognitive decline was reduced by 52 percent for each point on the cognitive activity scale. For those who had developed Alzheimer’s disease during the previous decade, however, the average rate of cognitive decline per year increased 42 percent for every point on the cognitive activity scale.

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September is Healthy Aging Month! As we age, one of the most important things we can do for our bodies is eat healthy. WebMD has some great advice on what you can eat to keep the pep in your step!

The Anti-Aging Diet

Can what you eat help you age gracefully?

By Kathleen M. Zelman, MPH, RD, LD

WebMD Weight Loss Clinic-Feature

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

It seems we’re all trying to find the “magic bullet” that delays the natural aging process. Put an antiaging label on most any product, and it flies off the shelves.

Yet if you’re trying to look your best without going under the knife, a secret ingredient might be right under your nose. Some experts say one answer to aging gracefully can be found in the grocery store — in fruits, vegetables, green tea, and a host of other healthful foods that are rich in antioxidants and other potentially age-deterring compounds.

What Is Aging?

Of course, the signs of aging include not only wrinkles, but also memory loss, decreased brain function, and an increasing risk for chronic diseases such as heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer. Healthy aging is also defined as living a longer, healthier life. And many studies have documented the link between a healthy diet and prevention of age-related or chronic diseases.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular physical activity, adequate rest, avoiding tobacco, and a diet full of healthy foods and beverages can be the best defense against aging.

“Dietary choices are critical to delay the onset of aging and age-related diseases, and the sooner you start, the greater the benefit,” says Susan Moores, RD, a spokesman for the American Dietetic Association.

Antioxidants and Inflammation

Some foods and beverages contain powerful substances called phytonutrients that some believe are capable of unlocking the key to longevity. Phytonutrients, which are members of the antioxidant family, gobble up “free radicals” — oxygen molecules that play a role in the onset of illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.

As we age, we become more susceptible to the long-term effects of oxidative stress (a condition where the body basically has too many free radicals) and inflammation on the cellular level. The theory is that antioxidants and other age-defying compounds help cells ward off damage from free radicals and minimize the impact of aging.

Beyond antioxidants, some other compounds in foods can affect aging. They can be classified according to their impact on inflammation at the cellular level, experts say.

“All foods fit into three categories: pro-inflammatory, neutral, or anti-inflammatory,” says dermatologist and best-selling author, Nicholas Perricone, MD.

Perricone says you can help to slow aging at the cellular level by choosing foods that are anti-inflammatory and rich in antioxidants.

“Age-related changes may be reversed by consuming foods and beverages that are rich in a variety of compounds, including antioxidants, and are anti-inflammatory, such as cold-water fish and richly colored fruits and vegetables,” he says.

On the other hand, foods classified as pro-inflammatory can accelerate aging, Perricone says.

If “we eat large amounts of saturated or trans fatty acids, sugars, and starches, insulin levels surge and trigger an anti-inflammatory response and accelerate the aging process,” says Perricone.

While the benefits to eating healthy are many, Perricone notes that diet is certainly not the only factor that affects the aging process.

“Stress, hormones, ultraviolet light, and a weakened immune system also contribute to aging,” he says.

Still, making smart lifestyle choices are within your control, and are among the best things you can do to help prevent disease and retard aging.

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From middle age to age 70, the sleep-time breathing disorder could pose a hazard, study suggests.

The snoring and breathing disturbances of sleep apnea may be more than just a nuisance, with a new study linking the condition to higher risks for heart failure and heart disease in middle-aged and older men.

However, the study found no correlation between sleep apnea and coronary heart disease in women, or in men older than 70.

“The key here is that there is a lot of undiagnosed sleep apnea, and that, at least in men, it is associated with the development of coronary heart disease and heart failure. Only about 10 percent of sleep apnea cases are diagnosed, ” said Dr. Daniel Gottlieb, associate professor of medicine, Boston University School of Medicine.

Gottlieb noted that while the jump in heart risk was noteworthy, it was not as large as that seen in previous clinic-based studies of sleep apnea because the participants were drawn from a broad community-based population.

According to background information in the study, sleep apnea sufferers awaken suddenly during the night struggling to breathe, often experiencing a shot of blood pressure- raising adrenaline. Most often, they go right back to sleep, unaware of what happened. But the awakenings are repeated, sometimes up to 30 times an hour, depriving the sufferer of vital oxygen and sound sleep.

The research is published online July 12 in Circulation.

In the study, almost 2,000 men and about 2,500 women — all free of heart problems at the beginning of the research — were recorded as they slept using polysomnograms, which measured the presence and severity of sleep apnea as calibrated on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index.

About half had no symptoms of sleep apnea, the team found, while half had mild, moderate or severe symptoms.

Participants were then contacted at various times from 1998 to the final follow-up in April 2006. During that time, 473 cardiac events occurred, including 185 heart attacks, 212 heart bypass operations, and 76 deaths. There were also 308 cases of heart failure; of these 144 people also had a heart attack.

The study found that men between 40 and 70 years of age who had severe sleep apnea were 68 percent more likely to develop heart disease, and 58 percent more likely to develop heart failure, than those without the condition. Increasing severity of sleep apnea was also associated with obesity, high blood pressure, hypertension and diabetes, all of which are known contributors to heart disease.

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, approximately 14 million Americans suffer from coronary heart disease, the most common cause of death in the United States.

Dr. Jordan S. Josephson, a sinus, snoring and sleep apnea specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, said the study is important because “it brings a greater awareness to the public about sleep apnea.” He believes that sleep apnea, linked to heart disease through this and other studies, may be an indirect factor in many heart deaths.

Experts estimate that the condition affects 24 percent of men and 9 percent of women, but Josephson believes the numbers are actually higher because people don’t know they have a problem unless a partner or spouse tells them they snore.

“Sleep apnea is [also] the number one medical cause for divorce and the ending of partnerships,” added Josephson, because many couples end up sleeping apart, not sleeping well, and not functioning well during the day.

Dr. Stuart Fun Quan, another of the study’s authors, agreed that the under-diagnosis of sleep apnea is “unfortunate.”

…continue reading HERE.

MONDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) — Gender-specific regulation of cholesterol levels may help prevent depression in the elderly, suggests a new study.

French researchers followed a large group of men and women aged 65 and older for seven years. They found that depression in women was associated with low levels of “good” high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which puts them at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, including stroke.

Previous research has shown that certain types of stroke increase the risk of depression.

In contrast, depression in men was linked with low levels of “bad” low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This association was strongest in men with a genetic vulnerability to depression related to a serotonin transporter gene.

The study appears in the July 15 issue of the journal Biological Psychiatry.

“Our results suggest that clinical management of abnormal lipid levels may reduce depression in the elderly, but different treatment will be required according to sex,” corresponding author Dr. Marie-Laure Ancelin, of INSERM, Montpellier, France, said in a journal news release.

…continue reading HERE.